Two-seater monoplane aeroplane



R. SAULNIER. TWO-SEATER MONOPLANE AER/OPLA APPLICATION FILED MAR. I, 1921.

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R. SAULNIER. TWO-SEATER MONOFLANE AEROPLANE. APPLICATION FILED MAR. 7, 1921. 1,483,657, Patented 0013.31, 1922.

5 SHEETS-eSHEET 2.

R. SAULNIER. TWO-SEATER MONOPLANE AEROPLANE. APPLICATION FILED MAR. 7, 1921.

1,433,657. Patented Oct. 31,1922,

5 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

R. SAULNIER.

TWO SEATER MONOPLANE AEROPLANE. APPLICATION FILED MAR. 1, 1921.

Patented Oct. 31, 1922 5 SHEETS-SHEET 4..

R. SAULNIER.- TWO-SEATER MONOPLANE AEROPLANE.

APPLICATJON FILED MAR 7, I92]- Patented Oct. 31, 1922..

5 SHEETS-SHEET 5.

Patented met. 31, 1922.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

RAYMOND SAULNIER, OF PUTEAUX, FRANCE, ASSIGNOR T0 SOCIE'IE ANONYME DES AEROPLANES MORANE-SAULNIER, OF

FRANCE.

Application filed March 7,

Seater Monoplane jAeroplanes; and I do.

hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same.-

The present invention relates to a twoseater monoplane aeroplane of the so-called parasol type, and especially designedfor touring with a. passenger behind the pilot, it may also be used as an instruction biplane, in which case it is provided with a double control. The wing is hollow, and the engine driving the tractor propeller is of the rotary ty e.

, 1. large number of the constructional characteristics of Morane-Saulnier aeroplanes are incorporated in this type of twoseater' which characteristics are described in the patent application Serial No. 442,425 filed Feb. 4th, 1921. c v

The accompanying Figures 1 to 16 will render it easy to understand the description of the several parts in which the present aeroplane differs from that described in the abovementioned patent application.

The parts of the aeroplane to be described comprise :the body, the wings, the rigging, the manoeuvring surfaces, the features of the double controls, and the skid.

Figures 1 and 8 show diagrammatically, the former a longitudinal View of the aeroplane in elevation, and the latter a front view.

Figures 2, 3, 4, and 5 relates to the body, Figure 2 is a longitudinal viewin elevation, Figure 3 a plan view, and Figures 4 and 5 examples of cross-sections.

Figure 6 is an enlarged plan view of one of the wings.

Figure 7 is a view of one of theribs of the wingson an enlarged scale.

Figures 9 and 10 show the brackets for staying the wings and connecting them together. a

Figure 11 illustrates the brace fitting se- P. 0. address 3 Rue,

ZP'U'IEAUX, FRANCE, A CORPORATION OF TWO-SEATER MONOZPLANE AERQPLANE.

1921. Serial No. 450,369.

cured to the ends of the distance pieces includlng the interior bracing of the wings.

Figure 12 is a partial view of one of the der for controlling the stabilizing of direction.

Figure 14 illustrates the means of mounting the rudder and tail skid at the rear of the body of the plane, and

Figure 15 illustrates the hand controls for the tail plane and wings flaps, and the .toot control for the rudder,

The body is wholly of wood, and has a rectangular cross-section Figures 4 and 5,

thesides are fiat and the upper and lower surfaces are streamlined and on them cloth is held by cross frames carrying longitudinal laths. These frames are shown at 5', the body ends in front inthe substantially hemispherical engine bonnet and at the back in a vertical nose carrying the rudder pin.

The girder which forms the body comprises four longitudinal spars 1 braced by uprights 2 and cross members 3 made of ash in front of the passenger, and of spruce behind. Two parts of ash and spruce are fitted together by bevelled joints glued, nailed and taped.

The uprights and cross members form, in the length of the body. ten bays braced vertically by double piano wires 4 and horizontally and transversely by single piano wires 5.

The. first three bays are braced transversely by tubular trusses 6, as shown'in Figure 4 The last bay 7 of the tail Figures 2and 3, is strengthened by four panels of ply-wood glued and nailed on its faces. The nose in which the body or the back fram'e'ends is formed by a tube 8 to which are soldered two gusset plates 9 connecting the longitudinalsparsof the body, constituting an shape;

end terminates in a so-called spider which carries the rotary engine as in said application. The under carriage 11 (Fig. 8) is ofthe same construction as that described in'the abovementioned application. v

The aeroplane is provided with t wolwingsj without dihedral angle or camber ointed directly together in the central axis of the machine; one wing is shown in plan Figure 6, and one of the ribs on a larger scale Figure 7. These trapezoidal wings haye a gap above the body to improve the pilots outlook, The outline of the wings is the same throughout. They comprise two spars 11 and 12 of spruce moulded in I shape with ties at the ends, fixing plates and ribs.

The I shaped ribs Figure 7, have a web of plywood with openings, threaded on the spars. They abut in front on the leading edge of moulded'spruce with a tie ateach rib and stretches 131" At the rear'the ribs are connected together by a distance piece l i-and by the trailing edge 15 of piano wire,

fixed on aluminum staples attached to: the ends of the ribs. Two: ties 13 for each rib between the longitudinal spars and the lead ing edge 16 keep the outline of the cloth in The first rib towards the centre of the wings is of box pattern'with wide sole plates of ash, strengthened betweenthe spars by a distance piece of spruce. On the outside the lastrib which is not so high and made of moulded spruce constitutes the side beading 17. i

The last six ribs and the wing tip 17 are foreshortened in rear of the longitudinal spar 12 and fitted to a dummy rear spar 18;

the gap thus formed accommodates the wing flap. The dummy spar of spruce carries three members 19 of wood serving for fixing the ball bearings of the wing flap,

All the ribs and ties are fixed tothe longitudinal spars, edges and dummy spars by screws and cloth tapings, the double of cloth braid hold them in place.

The inside ends of the longitudinal spars are strengthened by conical chocks of ash on menin es, glued and taped, and carry the fixing plates of the spars forjoining thetwo, wings. These fixing plates of sheet steel in one piece stamped out and bent are fixed by horizontal bolt'sand carry above and below, two soldered bosses through which pass vertical'bolts which go through the ash checks and secure the erection of the joint plates of the two wings. Each longitudinal spar which carries two guy fixing plates is strips strengthened at these places and on the flanges by two duralumin cheeks. Two

sheet iron clips'are fixed by bolts to the rear spar and are intended to carry the ball beaiiings of thedriving shaft of thewingflaps. The interlor bracing of the wing cons sts of tubular distance pieces 20" of spruce square in section with filled up ends held by and bolted to sheet iron V-shaped forks and .fixed by two ,bolts'tothe-inside flanges of the The turned up two longitudinal spars.

one side and the edges of the forks form on other,brace fixingsfor the'lugs of the single bracings -21'ofpiano wire. This construction is shewn in Fig. 11, the V-shaped fork being shewn at 22.

fixed by bracelet lashings of string on the ribs and by sewingtowards the rear and lateral headings. tripsof linen cover the lashings and 's'ewings'. Inspection doors of aluminium are provided in the cloth to give access to the guy fixing plates and to the bearings of the driving shaft of the wing flaps. I

The wings are joined together Figures 9 and 1 0, by the covering plates ofthe centre section which are fitted on the front and rear longitudinal spars by the four vertical bolts 23 passing through theend ferrules of the spars. The lower front plate is bolted by its bent edges to four tubes 26k in front of the centre section the lower ends of these tubes havin'g fixing plates with bushings threaded and knurled on the tube stretching rod with two reverse threads and threaded tip with eyewhich' are fastened by bolts in the upper sheet iron forks of the spider and to the ends of the'firstmetal cross member in front of the pilot. In this way a quadrangular pyramid is formed which cannot be put out of shape, Figure 1.

The lower plate for connecting up the rear longitudinal spar is soldered to the end of two tubes making triangles, the lower ends have adjustable fixing plates fixed to the ends of the upper cross member between the pilot and the passenger.

The upper union plates in front and rear carry two riveted and soldered forks with longitudinal axis for erecting the upper pylon for the bracing, consisting of two tubes jointed at the top, which thus are able to oscillate to right and left so long as the upper guys are not stretched. This front erection is shown Figure 9, the tube at 25 and the fork joint at 26.

The-apex of the triangle carries a soldered plate the side edgesfof which constitute point's'of attachment forthe piano wires of the upper guys of each wing; the tubes 24 of the centre section and the pylon are clinker built of wood? i upper is of double piano wire. plates consist for each wing of plates on the body, two fixing The bracing, Figure 8, both lower and I ne'ctedby ribs. "Three ball bearings37- are placed on the vertical'shaft, and" their races have lugs forbolting to the corresponding lugs of the rear frameand of the drift spar. Abeamwith two driving points of attachment 39 of chilled steel with soldered sleeve is fastened by split rings on the shaft and inovide's for controlling the rudder.- The rear surfaces are connected to each other and to thelower spars of the body by eight wire guys with turnbucklesi I The controls of the manoeuvring members are the same as those described in the beforementioned application, and it therefore only necessaryto describe the case where the aeroplane is arranged/for purposes of ii'istru'ction, that is to say, when it is pro vided wih double control.

The arrangement is shown inFigure 16.

. he tail plane and the Wing flaps are oper ated by hand through control levers 4:0 and ll) with double motion, whilst the rudder is operated by foot by the bars ll and all.

Levers andrudder bars are connected and made to operate ointly by suitabletransmis sion' rods or wiressuch as 4-2 and 43.

In this case the rear position is provided with a seat without elbows and thewarping shaft is provided in the rear with a second fork which receives the second vertical control lever; the connection rod .13 interrupted for-thejoint at the lower end of'the second lever. All these joints are provided with.

' ball bearings.

- The duralumin tube ofthis second lever with a stop-pawl 1S fitted into the lower st1f-- fenin of steel and therefore can be taken tor 1 '1 r pieces. lhe :secondruduer bar ll fixed to the floor, below the pilots seat, and con nected with that in front by four wires (not shown), two on either side of the shaft carried'in forks of sheetiron soldered to the.

horizontal tube; these wires arethus above the floor 44. v v

The skid Figure 15 consists of a skid-dof hickory faced with a friction shoe 4-6 ofi sheet steel, hinged to the shaft of the lowerfork ofthe rear frame. At the upperend a shock absorber ll .fixed at the other part to the frame secures elasticity. A safety wire 48 fixed also to the rear frame limits the movement ofthe-skidand prevents theshock absorber fronrbeing broken.

Claims:

1.111 a two-seater monoplane, the combination with elevated wings and a rotary engine, of a body consisting of a main rectangular fabricated-girder, said girder being made up of a series of transverse square frame sect-ions and connecting longitudinal battens, the side faces being flat, the upper and lower faces rounded or stream-lined and the forward end of said girder circular in cross section, said rounded or curvedformation of the topand bottom being produced by mounting on certain frame sections sup,- plemental frame sections of the shape desired. c j 2. In a two-'seater monoplane, the combination with a body and arotaryengine, of adjoining elevated wings comprising a single span, said wings consisting in part, of

front and rear longitudinal spars, metallic plates or rackets for securing the inner ends of said adjacent spars together to form acontinuous wing, means carried bysaid brackets for bracing struts for said wings and means can ried by the front longitudinal spars of each wing section for securing thereto diagonal bracing wires extending to the upper strut anddownwardly to the body.

3. In a two-seater' inonoplane, the combinationwith a body and a rotary engine, of adjoining elevated wings comprising a single span, said wings, consisting in part of front and rear longitudinal spars, metallic; plates or brackets for securing the inner ends of said adjacent spars together to'fo'rm a continuous wing, a vertical strut mounted in the upper portion of said bracket, downwardly extending diagonal struts having their upper ends mounted in the lower portion of said bracket, wire securing brackets carried by the front longitudinal spar of each section, diagonal bracing wires extending from said brackets to the top of the upper strut and downwardly to the body,

' forming a quadrangular pyramidnot subconnecting thereto exterior Ion 

